3.9 Data Visualisation

Graphs visually represent numerical data and are used to show trends, patterns, and relationships over time.

Example: Examples of graphs for data visualisation

Charts summarise data in a visual format such as bar, pie, or line charts. They are useful for comparisons and highlighting key values.

Example: Types of charts and when to use them

Tables present data in rows and columns and are best used when users need to look up exact values.

Example: Tables vs charts examples

Reports combine tables, charts, and text to provide detailed explanations and analysis of data.

Example: Data visualisation in reports

Dashboards provide real‑time or near real‑time summaries of key metrics using multiple visualisations in one place.

Example: Dashboard visualisation examples

Infographics combine visuals, icons, and brief text to tell a clear story and communicate complex data quickly.

Example: Data visualisation infographic examples

The benefits and drawbacks of data visualisation formats depend on:

• Type of data – numerical, categorical, or complex
• Intended audience – technical or non‑technical
• Brief – whether the aim is insight, reporting, or decision‑making

Organisations must judge which format best balances clarity, accuracy, and usability in digital support and security.